At the moment GAP provides only methods to factorize univariate polynomials over finite fields and over the field of rational numbers.
Factors([R,]upoly[,opt])
returns a list of the irreducible factors of the univariate polynomial
upoly in the polynomial ring R. (That is factors over the
CoefficientsRing of R.)
It is possible to pass a record opt as a third argument. This record can contain the following components:
onlydegs
stopdegsstopdegs has been found and will return the
factorization found so far.
FactorsSquarefree( pring, upol, opt ) O
returns a factorization of the squarefree, monic, univariate polynomial upoly in the polynomial ring pring; opt must be a (possibly empty) record of options. upol must not have zero as a root. This function is used by the factoring algorithms.
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GAP 4 manual