Next section: 9.8 Theoretical Astrophysics
Previous section: 9.6 Advanced Computation and Modelling
Contents

9.7 Mathematical Physics

(Co-ordinator: R J Baxter)

Chiral Potts model --
The field of solvable models in statistical mechanics has ramifications in many areas, such as integrable models, quantum field theory, random matrix models, knot theory, quantum groups, graph theory and various problems in combinatorics. The chiral Potts model continues to present fascinating challenges: in particular two expressions for the free energy were obtained in 1988 and until now it has not been at all obvious that they agree. This problem has now been resolved: Baxter has explicitly shown that they are completely equivalent.

Zamolodchikov model --
The Zamolodchikov model is a solvable three-dimensional model. It shares some intriguing symmetries with the simple "free-fermion" three-dimensional model, which makes one speculate that the methods of the latter may apply to the former. These ideas are easy to test for the two-layer case, this has been done by Baxter and Bazhanov and a number of simple and interesting properties have been observed.

Mangazeev and Boos (Bonn) studied the three-layer case of the Zamolodchikov model. They obtained density functions for a distribution of bethe roots for the ground state and solved functional equations for the transfer-matrices in thermodynamic limit. Mangazeev studied a three-dimensional model with continuously distributed spin variables. He obtained continuous analogs of star-triangle and star-star relations when the quantum parameter is not a root of unity.

Spin ladders --
Batchelor and Maslen initiated a new direction of work on exactly solvable quantum spin ladders. Such quantum spin chains coupled together to form experimentally realisable ladder-like structures exhibit remarkable low-dimensional quantum properties. A family of solvable n-leg ladder models was constructed with an underlying su(2n) symmetry and shown to be extensions of previously solved models.

Another ladder model was shown to satisfy the Hecke algebra. Yet other models were constructed which are related to the orthogonal and symplectic algebras.

In work with de Gier the 3-leg model was further generalised to include the 3-leg ladder and a spin-tube as special cases. The phase diagram of this general model was then obtained from the solution in terms of the Bethe Ansatz equations. de Gier and Batchelor subsequently examined the properties of this model in the presence of a magnetic field. This provided valuable exact results as benchmarks for future studies. The phase diagram exhibited magnetisation plateaus of relevance to the pure Heisenberg spin ladders.

Dilute AL models --
Batchelor and Seaton (La Trobe) continued their work on the family of dilute AL lattice models. Explicit calculations were performed for the transfer matrix excitation spectrum of the dilute A4 model. The results obtained verified previous conjectures for the connection with the E7 mass spectrum.

Stromatolites --
Batchelor, Burne (Geology), Henry (UNSW) and Watt (UNSW) began work on mathematical models for the growth of stromatolites. Briefly, stromatolites are laminated structures produced as a result of the environmental interactions of benthic microbial communities. They are the only macroscopic evidence of life prior to the evolution of macroscopic plants and animals. Our work aims to provide mathematical insight to the often heated discussion of the criteria that might be useful for distinguishing organically produced stromatolites from similar accretions produced by inorganic means. As a first step we have used the deterministic variant of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for the evolution of a growing interface to model patterning produced by successive laminations in certain stromatolites.

Perk-Schulz models --
The Corner Transfer matrices, invented by Baxter, are an important tool for investigating solvable lattice models, particularly so since the discovery of the connections with representation theory (of which Davies is one of the originators). Davies is currently working on extension to models connected with quantum affine super-algebras; particularly the Perk-Schulz models and associated spin chains which are of interest in the study of high Tc superconductivity.

Chiral Potts model and algebraic geometry --
Together with Davies, Neeman studied the algebraic geometry of the Yang-Baxter equations for the chiral Potts model. This statistical mechanics model gives rise to problems in algebraic geometry, sometimes quite interesting ones. Further progress has been made in 1999, particularly in relation to the three-state model, for which the Jacobian is a product of elliptic curves; a complete description has been obtained. The long-term objective of this work is to tackle outstanding problems which have proved intractable using "classical" mathematics.

Categories and subgroups --
Together with Christensen (John Hopkins) and Keller (UFR de Mathematiques), Neeman found a counterexample. Adams showed that every generalised homology theory, on the category of finite spaces (compact manifolds, for example) is represented by a spectrum. We show, by our counterexample, that this is false for the derived categories of general enough rings.

Neeman found a short proof of a theorem of Martin (Sydney), about restricting representations of surface groups to free subgroups. The proof is shorter and simpler, and proves a stronger result.

Quantum field theory --
Bazhanov, Lukyanov (Rutgers) and Zamolodchikov (Rutgers) studied various integrability structures in quantum field theory. They found a new and fascinating connection between spectral properties of Baxter's Q-operators in conformal field theory and the spectral properties of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Using this connection, it has been possible to prove the strong-weak barrier duality relation for the non-linear mobility related to the impurity transport in a non-equilibrium Luttinger liquid.

The functional relations for the commuting transfer matrices for models with higher symmetries were studied algebraically by Bazhanov, Hibberd (Theoretical Physics, IAS) and Khoroshkin (ITEP, Moscow). A quantum Boussinesq theory has been developed that describes the integrabilty structure of the conformal field theory with extended W-symmetry.

Software Development --
Software for investigating, experimenting with, and visualising representative systems in non-linear dynamics continues to be under active development and testing. The first version has been in use in TLTSU laboratories since July.


Next section: 9.8 Theoretical Astrophysics
Previous section: 9.6 Advanced Computation and Modelling
Contents